Sample Annotated Bibliography (for my LIB 100F and LIB 100HF students)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder & World War II Veterans
Monique Delatte Starkey
November 30, 2004
8:30am
Introduction
Since veterans marched home at the end of the WWII era,
paradigms regarding readjustment -- as well as the lexicon of readjustment
symptoms -- has evolved. Recognition by a majority of clinicians developed slowly,
as evidenced by official recognition of PTSD in DSM thirty years following WWII. The US government has funded a
great deal of PTSD research, but has been conservative in recognizing and
treating PTSD. Current dissertations offer contemporary insight regarding the
WWII veteran experience, and a surprising number of mid-century texts (when
developed independent of US funding) share similarly forward views.
Defining Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
The Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR describes Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) as occurring after a person survived or was exposed to a
traumatic event threatening or resulting in bodily harm or death. The person’s
reaction includes terror or feelings of impotence.[1]
Audience definition, scope, & criteria for selection
The audience for this pathfinder is college students using a
research library to gather information about PTSD and World War II veterans,
specifically University of Texas at Austin students using the Law and
Perry-Castañeda Libraries (PCL). Only those English-language resources that are
available through the UT Libraries have been considered for inclusion. The
pathfinder scope is broad, including material spanning from 1942 through the
present. Included are all well developed resources providing significant
consideration of both subjects.
The pathfinder includes an extensive range of materials to
reflect the dichotomy of perspectives. A book regarding readjustment of WWII
veterans funded by the US government may be more similar to a current resource
of like funding than to WWII texts written by independent clinicians. A
Canadian WWII periodical included is progressive in considering the role of
women in the war effort. Conversely, a US periodical of the same era explores
“The Negro Problem.” A comparison of these resources elucidates the reliability
of information providers and historical context.
Attending the presentation, Themes from the U.S. Latino & Latina WWII Oral History Project,
clarified for me the questions that student researchers might develop. This
pathfinder addresses those queries, that may include “Is there a comprehensive,
current text addressing readjustment and WWII Veterans?” and “Where can I find
a consideration of the oral histories of WWII Veterans?”
Searching, SOURCE SELECTION, & Criteria
Searching the online library catalog, UTNetCat, is
complicated by the issues of changing terminology for PTSD and the sixty-year
time span being considered. Currency was not a great consideration, as
comprehensive insight regarding changing attitudes towards veterans as PTSD
sufferers nurtures a nuanced understanding. Dissertations are notable in offering
unique perspectives and strong consideration of WWII veterans and PTSD.
Keywords that recall relevant resources in databases such as UTNetCat and
Digital Dissertations are shock (as
in shell or war), combat fatigue, trauma,
stress, PTSD, veterans, World War II, and WWII. Culling information from a majority of mid-century WWII texts
requires thorough index reading. Information regarding PTSD symptoms will be
couched in terms such as morale, wives,
liquor, psychology, and psychological
adjustment.
Posttraumatic
STress Disorder & World War II Veterans
Annotated Bibliography
Note:
Electronic journals and print sources are cited in APA
style. Database citations are composed in accordance with the general APA style,
as the most recent edition of the Publication
Manual does not detail the manner in which databases should be cited.
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Books
Primary sources regarding ptsd
1. American
Psychiatric Association. (1994). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders: DSM-IV-TR (4th ed., pp. 463-469). Washington, DC: Author. RC 455.2 C4 D543 2000 PCL Reference
The DSM-IV is a
primary reference source regarding criteria sets for mental health conditions.
The thirteen groups comprising the Task Force for DSM-IV strive to make the source lucid for clinicians. This clarity
translates into accessibility for novice researchers. The text clearly outlines
experiential and behavioral criteria for PTSD diagnosis. The nuances of the
PTSD experience, including coping behaviors and therapies are described.
2. Medical
Economics Staff. (2003). Physicians’ desk
reference (57th ed.). Oradell, NJ: Thomson Healthcare. -Q- RS 75
P5 PCL Reference
The Physicians’ Desk Reference
provides images of drugs and extensive details regarding the indications,
contraindications, precautions, implications, etc., of pharmaceuticals. The
descriptions are dense and use clinical terminology. The text is especially
useful in researching drugs prescribed for PTSD, such as Klonopin, Zoloft,
Xanax, and Zyprexa.
primary Government sources regarding the WWII experience & attitudes – compiled wwii periodicals
Government documents recalled using UTNetCat tend toward
specificity regarding treatment funding. Government information recalled
searching the PILOTS database using the terms Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and WWII relates more closely to the
subject of PTSD and WWII veterans.
3. Canada Wartime Information Board. (1941
-1945). Washington: Canada Wartime Information Board. 940.9371 C16C PCL Stacks
The periodicals compiled in these two texts provide an
interesting comparison regarding the progressive attitudes of America’s
neighbor to the north. Pieces such as Women
Speed the War Machine reflect the consideration throughout the periodicals
of the role of women in WWII. This sort of sensitive coverage is not as
conspicuous, and arguably is lacking in the American literature of the
government produced during the same time period. Canada at War also provides monthly chronologies, reference
information, opinions, and predictions. Considerations such as Significant Statements (pp. 36-38) lend
insight regarding PTSD.
4.
Waid, H. W. (Ed.). (1945-1953). Information bulletin: Magazine of the US mission in Germany.
Frankfurt: Office of the US High Commissioner for Germany, Public Relations
Division. LAW D 802 G3 U56 Law Library
The Information Bulletin is a primary source of information
regarding American military involvement in Germany. The time span primarily
considered, July of 1945 through March 1953, represents the time period during
which a US Zone of Control was present in Germany. Speeches, pictorials, and
approximately 2,000 articles comprise the 220 issues. The circulation peaked at
a distribution of 27,000 to members of the armed forces in Germany, as well as
politicos, academics, and libraries in the US, Western Europe, and Germany. Illuminations
of PTSD include articles such as Germany’s
Refugees (1949, No. 169, pp. 7-8).
5. What the soldier thinks: A digest of War Department
studies on the attitudes of American troops. (1942 – 1945). Washington,
DC: Services of Supply, War Department. 355.115 UN 32W PCL Stacks
Academics and Army officials specializing in research
staffed the Research Branch. Beginning in late 1941 and ending in 1945, the
branch conducted surveys of soldier’s opinions. The results were compiled with
easily comprehended charts and published annually. The final product was
treated as confidential. Objectives of surveys include morale judgment and
recording of feedback regarding problems. Studies included concerns as
proletarian as mess hall grub and as private as the attitudes of
Anglo-Americans about African-Americans in the air force.
the
mid-century concept of PTSD & WWII Veterans
6. Benedek, T.
(1948). Insight and personality
adjustment: A study on the psychological effects of war (2nd
ed.). New York: The Ronald Press Company. 137 B434I 1948 PCL Stacks.
Writing for clinicians, Benedek thoroughly describes the
effect of WWII and resulting problems, including symptoms of PTSD. In Part III, The Family in War, she
considers the effect on mother-son, father-son, sibling, and marital
relationships. The mid-century text exhibits an early sensitivity to a disorder
that the American Psychiatric Association did not recognize in the DSM until 1980.
7. Cartwright,
M. A., & Burch, G. (1945). Adult
adjustment: A manual on the coordination of existing community services and the
establishment and operation of community adjustment centers for veterans and
others. New York: Institute of Adult Education, Teachers College, Columbia
University. 355.115 C249A PCL Stacks
This manual shares step-by-step, highly detailed
instructions regarding the provision of services for veterans. Written by
professors of education, the manual gleans over the psychological effects of
war. It does succeed in offering insight regarding the suggested methodology to
assist veterans in adjusting to civilian life in 1945.
8. Ginzberg,
E., Miner, J. B., Anderson, J. K., Ginsburg, S. W., & Herma, J. L. (1959). Breakdown and recovery. New York:
Columbia University Press. 355.22 G435I PCL Stacks
The product of the Conservation of Human Resources Project,
an initiative of then General Eisenhower, this text is unique in its access to
and consideration of veterans’ records held by the Veterans Administration. The
Project was established, in part, to determine why 2.5 million men were either
rejected for service or prematurely ejected due to evidence of an emotional
disorder. Likely because of the source of funding, the text does not offer a
critical approach regarding the disorder, rehabilitation needs, or government
provision of support for WWII veterans suffering from PTSD. When read with the
three books preceding this listing, this text aids insight regarding the
half-century of clinical disagreement regarding PTSD to follow.
9. Pratt, G. K.
(1944). Soldier to civilian: Problems of
readjustment. New York: Whittlesey House. 355 115 P888S PCL Stacks
Addressing the problem of readjustment, Pratt offers
considerable insight due to his position as Armed Forces Psychiatric Examiner.
He shares statistical and anecdotal information regarding behaviors and symptoms
of PTSD sufferers. This resource is particularly useful in sharing individual
patient scenarios. The cases described reveal the emotional responses and
states that inhibited WWII veteran readjustment to civilian life and family. Pratt
explains that WWII veterans faced the new phenomenon of a highly mechanized
war, marked by high-speed tanks, machine guns, and dive bombers.
10. Waller, W.
(1944). The veteran comes back. New
York: The Dryden Press. 355.115 W156V PCL Stacks
Setting forth a conservative, mid-century point of view
regarding the veteran experience, Waller’s text considers the effect of World
Wars I & II on society and soldiers. The mid-century paradigm of “wartime
morality” considering silent leges inter
arma (laws are silent amid war) and the suspension of habeas corpus as incontrovertibly sensible in times of war is
disconcerting considered from the 21st century worldview (p. 113).
Waller provides a very honest veteran view in considerations such as Every veteran is at least mildly shell-shocked.
11. Watkins,
J. G. (1949). Hypnotherapy of war neurosis:
A clinical psychologist’s casebook. New York: The Ronald Press Company.
616.8 W325H PCL Stacks
Watkins’ experience as Chief Clinical Psychologist of
Florida’s Welch Convalescent Hospital informs the text. The psychologist
provides a variety of case studies employing the then newly-developing
hypnotherapeutic and associated treatments for managing the symptoms of PTSD
sufferers. The introduction provides a useful overview of the cause of PTSD
among WWII veterans, long- and short-term effects, the individual nature of
trauma reactions, and the US government’s reaction to the sharp increase in the
number of PTSD sufferers during and after WWII as compared to WWI. The text
offers a useful glossary divided as Military
Terms and Professional Terms.
contemporary reflections on PTSD and world war II
12. Bird, T.
(1992). American POWs of World War II:
Forgotten men tell their stories. Westport: Praeger Publishers. D805 A2 B57
1992 PCL Stacks
Bird contextualizes WWII readjustment within the theme of
reference to the stories of POWs. He outlines the factors making PTSD symptoms
all but inevitable for POWs. The sensitivity with which he treats both the
stories and symptoms, though less than academic, is unique. The narrative tone
makes the informative text particularly readable.
13. Van Ells,
M. D. (2001). To hear only thunder again:
America’s World War II veterans come home. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
D828 W6 V36 2001 PCL Stacks
An excellent current resource considering the adjustments of
returning WWII veterans as related to government planning, education, housing,
society, physical and mental health. The book provides statistics as well as a modern openness in
veterans tales about the dysfunction caused by war trauma. The text is conservative
in recognizing PTSD, indexing the disorder as psychological problems: personal readjustments. The work draws
heavily from government documents.
Databases
14. An electronic index to traumatic stress literature. (2004,
April 28). Retrieved October 31, 2004, from PILOTS database: Persistent link http://www.ncptsd.org//publications/pilots/index.html
Produced by the National Center for PTSD, the PILOTS
database is accessible online at no charge. Featuring over 25,000 references
the available information is broad in scope. The database provides exceptional
coverage of government publications regarding veterans. The search function
enables easy searching of military and scholarly journals using terms such as trauma and World War II. Fact sheet, PTSD and Older Veterans, shares
information regarding symptoms and suggestions for families and friends of WWII
veterans suffering from PTSD. Being a production of the US government, the
document is not as critical in relaying the history of WWII veterans and PTSD
as is the literature of independent clinicians.
15. PubMed. (2004, November 19). Retrieved
October 30, 2004, from National Library of Medicine database: Persistent link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
PubMed covers a wide range of medical publications and is
best consulted in researching PTSD pharmacotherapy studies. The articles are
written using technical jargon. Searches using the terms drugs and traumatic or drugs
and PTSD recall the most relevant research. Interestingly, abstracts
consistently note the limited number of PTSD pharmacotherapy studies. Made
freely available by the National Library Medicine, PubMed offers an excellent
tutorial to aid novice searchers in selecting keywords.
16. Wiley InterScience. (2004, November 19). Retrieved
October 27, 2004, from Wiley InterScience database: Persistent link http://www.lib.utexas.edu/indexes/descriptions/wileyintersciencewiley.html
Offering thousands of full-text resources published by John
Wiley & Sons, this database includes a number of journals that regularly
consider PTSD and veterans, such as Stress
and Health, Depression and Anxiety,
and the Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Searching PTSD as related to WWII veterans, relevant results were recalled
using the search terms trauma* and World War II. Results such as a
consideration of the effects of POW experiences or PTSD on late life dementia
are among the unique considerations of PTSD and WWII veterans recalled using
Wiley InterScience. The database is available via UTLOL (UT Library Online). To
locate the database, link from Research Tools,
Databases and Indexes to Articles, and select W from the list displayed.
Dissertations
PTSd and world war II veterans
17. Ast, T. L.
(2000). Confronting the Holocaust:
American soldiers who liberated the concentration camps. Atlanta: Emory
University. AAT 9982449
Ast reviews the oral histories and writings of nearly 500
World War II veterans, as well as related documents available through the
National Archives and United States Army Military History Institute. He offer
an interesting exploration of approaches to family therapy for PTSD. The
consideration of potential indicators of success is uniquely useable and
assistive to families.
18. Dikel, T. N.
(1999). The relationship of prewar family
and postwar social support to PTSD in former prisoners of war. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota. AAT 9937846
This research considers predictors of PTSD, finding that
prewar and wartime aspects, such as combat intensity and childhood experience,
affect the likelihood of occurrence of PTSD symptoms. The most significant
predictor is POW camp exposure to trauma. The study employed self-report
questionnaires mailed to WWII veterans. The sample is composed of160 former
POWs.
19. Liston, M.
C. (2003). Social work practice with
World War II veterans: Impact of the war experience on the life course and
adjustment in late life. Denver: University of Denver. AAT 3111618
A qualitative study of thirty-three WWII veterans conducted
to document both PTSD symptoms and coping strategies used in adjusting to
civilian living upon returning from war. This older group of veterans was
selected with an interest in the effect of time. The WWII veterans relay
historically important information, such as discrimination observed or experienced
in the ranks. The study aims to improve the care provided by social workers.
Encyclopedias
20. Bauer, E.
(1972). The Marshall Cavendish
illustrated encyclopedia of World War II: Based on the original text by
Lieutenant Colonel Eddy Bauer, James Collins (Ed.). Philadelphia: Psychology
Press. D 743.2 B373 PCL Reference
These twenty-five volumes provide strong background
information regarding WWII. The author offers comprehensive coverage of the
landscape, history, and experience of World War II. Pictures and maps aid
comprehension. Volume twenty-four, The
Fighting Men, offers details relating to the daily lives of servicemen,
lending insight regarding such issues as the comorbidity phenomenon of PTSD and
substance abuse. The service background of the author results in an
encyclopedia series written from a unique perspective.
21. Frey, R.
J. (2003). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. In E. Thackery & M. Harris
(Eds.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental
Disorders: Vol. 2 (pp. 777-781).
Detroit: Gale. RC 437 G35 2003 PCL Reference
This resource is particularly accessible to laypersons,
employing commonly-used verbiage. The two-volume set describes a number of
mental disorders. This is the only source consulted describing the importance
of debriefing survivors of traumatic events within 48 hours to reduce PTSD
symptoms. The encyclopedia is unique in the coverage of alternate therapies.
Journals
Journals PTSD Research
Quarterly and Journal of Traumatic
Stress are included due to a concentration on papers regarding PTSD.
Organizations listed in the bibliography were culled from texts and
encyclopedias and included according to the usefulness of the Web site
information. Similarly, criteria for selection of databases included
consideration of the usefulness of information available to student
researchers.
22. Kilpatrick,
D. (Ed.). (2004). Journal of traumatic
stress. International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
A peer-reviewed
journal published bimonthly by the International Society for Traumatic Stress
Studies (http://www.istss.org) focusing on the biopsychosocial aspects of
traumatic events. This journal includes research papers, articles, and reports
regarding policy, education, treatment, and theory. A search using the terms traumatic and World War II or traumatic and WWII, recalls relevant
articles, primarily relating to specific events. The source is useful in understanding
the scope of events that cause conflict in the families of PTSD survivors.
Journal issues from 1997 to the present are available online through UTLOL and
can be accessed by typing the journal title into the search box retrieved from
the initial library page link Research
Tools, Browse a Journal.
23. Friedman,
M. J. (Ed.). (2004, November 15). PTSD research
quarterly. Retrieved October 30, 2004, from the National Center for
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder database: Persistent link http://www.ncptsd.org/publications/rq/rq_list.html
This bulletin is published quarterly by the National Center
for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (http://www.ncptsd.org). The periodical
offers a single article along with information regarding papers, articles, and
other resources added to the Center Web site. Issues affecting many veterans
are often considered, including recent article Emotional Reactions to Torture and Organized State Violence. Issues
from 1990 through 2004 are available online at no cost in PDF format.
Organizations
& Web sites
24. A program of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
(2004, May 26). Retrieved October 27, 2004, from National Center
for
PTSD
database: Persistent link http://www.ncptsd.org
Created in 1989, the National Center for PTSD works to
assist veterans whose PTSD stemmed from military service. Seeking to improve
dissemination and accessibility of information for researchers and PTSD sufferers
and their families, the Center developed the PILOTS database. Fact sheets and
pages addressing treatment, symptoms, and veterans make this Web site
particularly relevant. A notable fact for student researchers – the Center
requests submission of articles regarding PTSD to be made freely available
online.
25. National Institute of Mental Health. (2004,
August 31). Retrieved October 31, 2004, from the National Institute of Mental
Health database: Persistent links http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/HealthInformation/ptsdmenu.cfm
Working to strengthen mental health the National Institute
of Mental Health (NIMH) seeks to increase and disseminate biomedical research. The
NIMH offers information online regarding mental health maintenance, disorders,
research, and conferences. Specific consideration is given to PTSD within the
Web site. Booklets and fact sheets regarding symptoms and treatment of PTSD are
available online. Information regarding local resources is accessible to
persons seeking further assistance.
posttraumatic
STress Disorder & World War II Veterans
Pathfinder
Scope note
This pathfinder addresses questions that students will
confront in researching PTSD as related to veterans. The information needs of
the student will likely include interest in data regarding: (1) the key facts
regarding PTSD and WWII veterans as relayed in encyclopedias and primary
sources, (2) current research journals dedicated to PTSD, (3) Web sites,
databases, and dissertations offering strong consideration of PTSD and WWII
veterans.
how can i quickly search government data regarding PTSD?
A program of the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs. (2004, May 26). Retrieved October
27, 2004, from National Center for PTSD database: Persistent
link http://www.ncptsd.org
The search function allows easy searching of scholarly and
military journals using terms such as trauma
and World War II. The fact sheet, PTSD and Older Veterans, provides
information regarding symptoms and suggestions for families of WWII veterans
suffering from PTSD.
where
can i find a SOURCE OFFERING INSIGHT REGARDING THE MID-CENTURY VIEW AND USE OF
HYPONSIS AS A TREATMENT FOR PTSD Sufferers?
Watkins, J. G. (1949). Hypnotherapy
of war neurosis: A clinical psychologist’s casebook. New York: The Ronald
Press Company. 616.8 W325H PCL Stacks
where can i find a consideration of the oral histories of wwII veterans?
Ast, T. L. (2000). Confronting
the Holocaust: American soldiers who liberated the concentration camps. Atlanta:
Emory University. AAT 9982449
how
can i reach organizations concerned with ptsd?
National Institute of
Mental Health. (2004, August 31). Retrieved October 31, 2004, from
the National Institute of Mental Health database: Persistent links http://www.nimh.nih.gov/
and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/HealthInformation/ptsdmenu.cfm
Booklets and fact sheets regarding symptoms and treatment of
PTSD are available. From the NIMH home page, PTSD information is accessible via
the initial health information quick link.
were
surveys taken THAT reflect the mid-century attitudes of soldiers towards
integration?
What the soldier thinks: A
digest of War Department studies on the attitudes of American troops. (1942,
September – 1945, December). Washington, DC: Services of Supply, War
Department. 355.115 UN 32W PCL Stacks
DID ANY TEXTS SURFACE DURING THE wwii ERA THAT PROVIDED INSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COMMUNITY RESOURCES TO AID IN READJUSTMENT?
Cartwright, M. A., & Burch, G. (1945). Adult adjustment: A manual on the
coordination of existing community services and the establishment and operation
of community adjustment centers for veterans and others. New York:
Institute of Adult Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. 355.115
C249A PCL Stacks
IS THERE A COMPREHENSIVE, CURRENT TEXT ADDRESSING READJUSTMENT AND wwii VETERANS?
Van Ells, M. D. (2001). To
hear only thunder again: America’s World War II veterans come home. Lanham,
MD: Lexington Books. D828 W6 V36 2001 PCL Stacks
IS THE WWII-ERA TENDENCY TOWARDS DISCRIMANTORY LANGUAGE AND VIEWPOINTS IN LITERATURE UNIQUELY AMERICAN, OR WERE OUR NEIGHBORS TO THE NORTH EQUALLY INTOLERANT?
Canada Wartime Information
Board. (1941, March -1945, July). Washington: Canada Wartime
Information Board. 940.9371 C16C PCL Stacks
is there a resource THAT provides maps of the us zone of control in germany?
Waid, H. W. (Ed.). (1945 – 1953). Information bulletin: Magazine of the US mission in Germany.
Frankfurt: Office of the US High Commissioner for Germany, Public Relations
Division. LAW D 802 G3 U56 Law Library
posttraumatic
STress Disorder & World War II Veterans
In Closing
Denial of PTSD as a true disorder by many in the U.S.
government and in the clinical community has resulted in a divided body of
literature. This division has exacerbated stigmatization of the disorder for over
half a century. Still, WWII Veterans coming home from war received greater
community assistance in handling readjustment and treating PTSD than had the
veterans of WWI. The availability of aid is a significant factor in improving
readjustment as the twenty-one associated PTSD criteria listed in the DSM-IV include manifestations and related
behaviors that intensify normal stressors. Reduced responsiveness, or “psychic
numbing,” with feelings of detachment and a lessened capacity to experience emotions
may isolate veterans suffering with PTSD and lead to household conflict,
divorce, or job loss – conditions plaguing generations of veterans and their
loved ones. Efforts by both the clinical community and the U.S. government to
inform will gradually decrease stigmatization and aid readjustment.
This pathfinder was created by University of Texas at Austin
Master’s Degree Candidate, Monique Delatte, and is available online at
https://webspace.utexas.edu/mtd223/m/pathfinder2. A pathfinder offering further
consideration of PTSD is available at
https://webspace.utexas.edu/mtd223/m/pathfinder.
No comments:
Post a Comment