Sample Annotated Bibliography (for my LIB 100F and LIB 100HF students):
Annotated Pathfinder for Health Informatics
Monique Delatte Starkey
October 18, 2004
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder & Families
Introduction
Defining Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
The Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR describes Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) as occurring after a person survived or was exposed to a
traumatic event threatening or resulting in bodily harm or death. The person’s
reaction includes terror or feelings of impotence.[1]
Posttraumatic stress disorder & family
The twenty-one associated PTSD criteria listed in the DSM-IV include manifestations and
related behaviors that exacerbate normal family stressors. Reduced
responsiveness, or “psychic numbing,” with feelings of detachment and a
lessened capacity to experience emotions may isolate family members and lead to
household conflict, divorce, or job loss. Personal development may be inhibited
by expectations of a future that will be foreshortened. Shortly following
traumatic or triggering events,[2] sufferers
may be unable to anticipate a future involving marriage, progeny, a career, or
a natural life duration.
Audience definition, scope, & criteria for selection
The audience for this pathfinder is college students using a
research library to research PTSD and families, specifically University of
Texas at Austin students who are using the Perry-Castañeda Library (PCL). Only
those English-language resources that are available through the UT General
Libraries have been considered for inclusion. The pathfinder scope is current[3] and
includes several sources, a database and website as well as encyclopedias,
journals, books.
There are little empirical data and no controlled studies
considering the inclusion of family/couples therapy in programs developed to
heal the psychic damage of trauma.[4] This
researcher consistently located more indexed references to PTSD and therapist stress than to PTSD and family or PTSD and
spouses. In the rare event that family and PTSD are considered, this
pathfinder specifically notes appropriate book chapters for review.
SOURCE SELECTION & Criteria
A search of UTNetCat using the term Stress Disorder recalled nearly 200 sources. A brief reading of
PTSD texts led to selection among these according to inclusion of consideration
of family. Government documents recalled using UTNetCat tend toward specificity
regarding treatment funding, cause (mass trauma, Persian Gulf War), etc., as
opposed to family focus. Government information recalled searching the PILOTS
database using the terms Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder and family or Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder and spouse or Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder and parent relates more closely to the subject of PTSD and
family.
The Journal of
Traumatic Stress is included due to a concentration on papers regarding
PTSD. Organizations listed in the bibliography were culled from texts and
encyclopedias and included according to the usefulness of the Web site
information. Similarly, criteria for selection of databases included
consideration of the usefulness of information available to student
researchers. Successful searches of databases available through UT Libraries
employed the terms trauma and family
or trauma and spouses. Only two
relevant dissertations were recalled when searching the Dissertation Abstracts
International/Digital Dissertations databases
using terms such as trauma, family, and PTSD. The dissertations recalled did
not provide unique insight regarding PTSD and families.
Posttraumatic
STress Disorder & families
Annotated Bibliography
Note:
Electronic journals and print sources are cited in APA
style. Database citations are composed in accordance with the general APA
style, as the most recent edition of the Publication
Manual does not detail the manner in which databases should be cited.
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Books
Primary sources
1. American
Psychiatric Association. (1994). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders: DSM-IV-TR (4th ed., pp. 463-469). Washington, DC: Author.
RC 455.2 C4 D543 2000 PCL Reference
The DSM-IV is a
primary reference source regarding criteria sets for mental health conditions.
The thirteen groups comprising the Task Force for DSM-IV strive to make the source lucid for clinicians. This clarity
translates into accessibility for novice researchers. The text clearly outlines
experiential and behavioral criteria for PTSD diagnosis. The nuances of the
PTSD experience, including coping behaviors and therapies are described.
2. Medical
Economics Staff. (2003). Physicians’ desk
reference (57th ed.). Oradell, NJ: Thomson Healthcare.
-Q-
RS 75 P5 PCL Reference
The Physicians’ Desk Reference
provides images of drugs and extensive details regarding the indications,
contraindications, precautions, implications, etc., of pharmaceuticals. The
descriptions are dense and use clinical terminology. The text is especially
useful in researching drugs prescribed for PTSD, such as Klonopin, Zoloft,
Xanax, and Zyprexa.
explanation of behaviors & key terms
3. Klein, R.
H., & Schermer, V. L. (Eds.). (2000). Group
psychotherapy for psychological trauma. New York: The Guilford Press.
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Klein and Schermer address the subject of group therapy for
PTSD victims in a broad manner. This text is unique in defining clinical
terminology such as trigger, check-in[5], and
emotional overload[6].
Explanation of why acting out and tuning out behaviors occur is paired with
techniques for reducing the behaviors. Discussion of how to deter
overidentification with being a victim lends insight into the downfalls of
group therapy for PTSD.
Figures
4.
Horowitz, M. J. (2001). Stress response syndromes (4th ed., pp. 198-199).
Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
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H67 2001 PCL Stacks
Horowitz covers multiple stress disorders. The text is
unique in the inclusion of figures that aid understanding. Particularly helpful
figures explicate the processing of emotions by normal personalities versus the
reactions to emotions felt by PTSD sufferers.
5. Nutt, D.,
Davidson, J. R. T., & Zohar, J. (2000). Post-traumatic
Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, management, and treatment. London: Martin
Dunitz.
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This volume explores several dynamics affecting the future
of PTSD survivors. From brain trauma and body memory to neuroendocrinology and
ethnocultural issues, consideration is afforded to a broad range of aspects of
PTSD. Graphs, tables, qualitative and quantitative studies evidence the
research regarding PTSD. Conclusionary statements are precise and decisive in
assessing the results of empirical studies.
ptsd
treatment, gENERAL
6. Eckberg,
M. (2000). Victims of cruelty: Somatic
psychotherapy in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Berkeley:
North Atlantic Books.
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552 P67 E27 PCL Stacks
Eckberg describes the role of somatic psychotherapy in PTSD
treatment. The first two chapters of this text provide an in-depth breakdown of
the symptoms and behaviors associated with PTSD. Attention is given to the
neurophysiological basis and psychobiology of shock trauma. This coverage
buttresses explanation of body-oriented somatic therapy.
7. Mellman,
T. A. (2002). Rationale and role of medication in the comprehensive treatment
of PTSD. In R. Yehuda (Ed.), Treating
trauma survivors with PTSD (pp. 63-72).
Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.
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552 P67 T766 2002 PCL Stacks
Mellman broadly considers treatment options and challenges
in treating PTSD sufferers. This resource is especially useful in providing
insight regarding the emotional responses and states that may inhibit the
progress of psychotherapy. For example, emotionally numb patients may hide the
distress of trauma behind a mask of disinterest, thereby projecting disinterest
in therapy. This detachment can be a predictor of low results in conventional
counseling.
8. Park, C.
L. (1999). The roles of meaning and growth in the recovery from Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder. In A. Maercker, M. Schutzwohl & Z. Solomo (Eds.), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A lifespan
developmental perspective (pp. 253-267). Kirkland, WA: Hogrefe & Huber
Publishers.
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This text provides a variety of papers regarding long-term
treatment management for PTSD sufferers. Park’s chapter offers the ultimate
embodiment of successful PTSD therapy results, which is a consideration
overlooked in other texts reviewed. Commanding the traumatic event through
volunteerism with organizations whose beneficiaries are survivors of similar
traumas can represent personal growth. In addition, specific cases of stagnated
emotional development are cited, as are the appropriate therapeutic techniques
for remedying individual sources of stagnation.
9. Scott, M.
J. (2001). Counseling for Post-traumatic
Stress Disorder (M. J. Scott & S. G. Stradling, Eds., 2nd ed.).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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Scott addresses the disconcerting subjects avoided or
overlooked by most PTSD texts. Planning for relapse, considering whether guilt
regarding the trauma has been overlooked by the therapist, and making room for
a program for PTSD sufferers who self-medicate with substance abuse are among
subjects addressed. Consideration given to determining who recovers from PTSD
is also disconcertingly straightforward. Nuance marks this text, which
repeatedly integrates family, substance abuse, and future-planning in analyzing
PTSD therapy.
10. Turner, E. J., & Diebschlag, F.
(2001). Resourcing the trauma client. In T. Spiers (Ed.), Trauma: A practioner’s guide to counseling (pp. 69-96). New York: Brunner Routledge.
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Turner and Diebschlag offer a concentrated exposition of the
role, history, care, and assessment of trauma. Particularly assistive is the
assessment of how trauma manifests in the central nervous system. This section
explores the controversial view that the trauma is remembered as a shock to the
nervous system so that the event itself is not the stimulus for recurring PTSD
symptoms.
ptsd treatment, pharmocology
11. Every, G.
S. , & Lating, J. M. (2004). Personality-guided theory for Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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This text compiles a uniquely succinct PTSD pharmacotherapy
outline (pp. 173-175). Preceding chapters provide background information
regarding biology and psychophysiology that aids understanding of the symptoms
addressed by psychopharmacologic agents. This resource is particularly
important to families supporting PTSD sufferers, as drugs may be inappropriate
for individual patients. (Spouses should watch for comorbidity problems,
particularly drug abuse.)
12. Friedman,
M. J. (1999). Pharmacotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In M. J.
Horowitz (Ed.), Essential papers on
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pp. 473-483). New York: New York University Press.
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552 P67 E77 1999 PCL Stacks
The papers in this text address the dynamics of PTSD, such
as neurobiology, psychobiology, and dissociation and hypnotizability. The
resource explicates the complex issues involved in PTSD psychotherapy, such as
the value of hospitalization as therapy begins. Friedman also describes several
reasons for the disproportionately paltry number of studies regarding
pharmacotherapy.
ptsd
treatment, family therapy
13. Harkness,
L., & Zador, N. (2001). Treatment of PTSD in families and couples. In J. P.
Wilson, M. J. Friedman & J. D. Liddy (Eds.), Treating psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 335-353). New York: Guilford Press.
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This text is one of only two available through the UT
Library Online (UTLOL) that specifically addresses treatment of PTSD and
families. The text provides a thorough outline of how PTSD affects family life,
making it essential reading for therapists, researchers, and families living
with PTSD sufferers. A caveat – despite the title, factors affecting group
therapy and treatment dominate consideration of families.
14. Riggs, D.
S. (2000). Marital and family therapy. In E. B. Foa, T. M. Keane & M. J.
Friedman (Eds.), Effective treatments for
PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress
Studies (pp. 280-300). New York: Guilford Press.
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552 P67 E43 2000 PCL Stacks
Literature reviews and treatment guidelines are considered
in relation to various PTSD therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, group therapy,
and inpatient therapy. Riggs begins consideration of marital therapy with
citations of research supporting the role of families in therapy for PTSD
sufferers. He then explores approaches to family therapy and considers
potential indicators of success.
children
& ptsd sufferers
15. Duncan,
S., & Reder, P. (2000). Children’s experience of disorder in their parent.
In P. Reder, M. McClure & A. Jolley (Eds.), Family matters: Interfaces between child and adult mental health
(pp. 88-96). Philadelphia: Taylor
& Francis, Inc.
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552 P67 F36 2000 PCL Stacks
This resource is unique in addressing the experience of a
young person whose mental development is burgeoning as she or he lives with a
family member whose mental health is deteriorating. Considered broadly, the
text offers insight regarding the manner in which children assess and
assimilate the behavior of a parent suffering from PTSD. A chapter considering
the child’s experience of parental mental disorder is best read alongside the
section evaluating the effect on parents with PTSD of caring for children.
Taken in tandem these insights elucidate family therapy and PTSD writings.
social
support & ptsd sufferers
16. Resick, P.
A. (2001). Stress and trauma. Philadelphia:
Psychology Press.
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This text describes the challenges in coping with and
treating stress and trauma. Resick considers family within the broader theme of
research regarding social support. Such support can include government, family,
and community assistance. Social support is measured as qualitative or
quantitative in the studies presented in chapter six. Importantly, the summary
notes that support sources may help decrease cognitive distortions while aiding
coping.
Databases
17. PILOTS
database: An electronic index to traumatic stress literature. Persistent link http://www.ncptsd.org//publications/pilots/index.html
Produced by the National Center for PTSD, the PILOTS
database is accessible online at no charge. Featuring over 25,000 references
the available information is broad in scope. The database provides exceptional
coverage of government publications regarding veterans. The search function
enables easy searching of military and scholarly journals using terms such as trauma and family.
18. PubMed.
National Library of Medicine. Available through UTLOL. Persistent link http://80-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.content.lib.utexas.edu:2048/entrez/query.fcgi
PubMed is best consulted in researching PTSD pharmacotherapy
studies. This source covers a wide range of medical publications. The articles
are written using technical jargon. Searches using the terms drugs and traumatic or drugs and PTSD recall the most relevant
research. Interestingly, abstracts consistently note the limited number of PTSD
pharmacotherapy studies.
19. Wiley
InterScience Database. Available through UTLOL. Persistent link http://80-www3-interscience-wiley-com.content.lib.utexas.edu:2048/cgi-bin/home
This database offers thousands of full-text resources
published by John Wiley & Sons, including a number of journals that
regularly consider PTSD and families, such as Stress & Health, Stress
& Medicine, and the Journal of
Clinical Psychology. Rarely considered aspects of PTSD as related to family
are recalled using the search terms traumatic
and family or traumatic and spouse.
Families and lifestyle management classes and post-relationship symptom
management are among the unique considerations of PTSD recalled using Wiley
InterScience.
Encyclopedias
20. Doctor, R.
M., & Kahn, A. M. (2000). The
Encyclopedia of phobias, fears, and anxieties (2nd ed., pp.
404-405). New York: Facts on File.
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535 D63 2000 PCL Reference
The encyclopedia details a wide range of anxieties. The PTSD
section considers the effects and techniques of family therapy. The entry
dedicated to family therapy provides useful term definitions. A useful
description of the symptoms of a panic attack makes the resource unique.
21. Frey, R.
J. (2003). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. In E. Thackery & M. Harris
(Eds.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental
Disorders: Vol. 2 (pp. 777-781).
Detroit: Gale.
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437 G35 2003 PCL Reference
This resource is particularly accessible to laypersons,
employing commonly-used verbiage. The two-volume set describes a number of
mental disorders. This is the only source consulted that describes the
importance of debriefing survivors of traumatic events within 48 hours to
reduce PTSD symptoms. The encyclopedia is unique in the coverage of alternate
therapies. Disturbingly, of the nearly 5-page PTSD section, only one sentence
is dedicated to family therapy.
22. Norwood,
A. E., & Ursano, R. J. (2002). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In M. Herson
& W. Sledge (Eds.), Encyclopedia of
psychotherapy (pp. 373-378). San Diego: Academic Press.
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475.7 E537 2002
Describing treatments for a number of psychological
disorders, this encyclopedia divides PTSD treatment options in a particularly
succinct and useful manner. The resource provides a glossary of treatment
terminology. Also treated is therapy for families and couples. Various
methodologies are covered and associated terms defined.
Journals
23. Kilpatrick,
D. (Ed.). Journal of traumatic stress. International
Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Kluwer Online. Persistent link http://80-www-kluweronline-com.content.lib.utexas.edu:2048/issn/0894-9867/contents
A peer-reviewed
journal published bimonthly by the International Society for Traumatic Stress
Studies (http://www.istss.org) focusing on the biopsychosocial aspects of
traumatic events. This journal includes research papers, articles, and reports
regarding policy, education, treatment, and theory. A search using the terms traumatic and family or traumatic and spouse, recalls relevant
articles, primarily relating to specific events. The source is useful in
understanding the scope of events that cause conflict in the families of PTSD
survivors. Journal issues from 1997 to the present are available online through
UTLOL.
Organizations & Web sites
24. National
Center
for
PTSD:
A program of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Persistent link Ncptsd.org
Created in 1989, the National Center for PTSD works to
assist veterans whose PTSD stemmed from military service. Seeking to improve
dissemination and accessibility of information for researchers and PTSD
sufferers and their families, the Center developed the PILOTS database. Fact
sheets and pages addressing treatment, symptoms, children, and families make
this Web site particularly relevant. A notable fact for student researchers –
the Center requests submission of articles regarding PTSD to be made freely
available online.
25. National
Institute of Mental Health. Persistent link http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/HealthInformation/ptsdmenu.cfm
Working to strengthen mental health, the National Institute
of Mental Health (NIMH) seeks to increase and disseminate biomedical research.
The NIMH offers information online regarding mental health maintenance,
disorders, research, conferences, etc. Specific consideration is given to PTSD
within the Web site. Booklets and fact sheets regarding symptoms and treatment
of PTSD are available online. Information regarding local resources is accessible
to persons seeking further assistance.
posttraumatic
STress Disorder & Families
Pathfinder
Scope note
This pathfinder addresses questions that students will
confront in researching PTSD as related to families. The information needs of
the student will likely include interest in data regarding: (1) the key facts
regarding PTSD as relayed in encyclopedias and primary sources, (2)
pharmacotherapy, (3) behavioral therapy, (4) current research journals
dedicated to PTSD, (5) Web sites, databases, and organizations offering strong
consideration of PTSD.
how can i quickly search government data regarding PTSD?
PILOTS database: An electronic index to traumatic stress
literature. Persistent link http://www.ncptsd.org//publications/pilots/index.html
how
can i reach organizations concerned with ptsd?
National Institute of Mental Health. Persistent
link http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/HealthInformation/ptsdmenu.cfm
National Center for PTSD: A program of the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs. Persistent link Ncptsd.org
is there a resource THAT addresses children’s experiences in living with ptsd sufferers?
Duncan, S., & Reder, P. (2000). Children’s experience of
disorder in their parent. In P. Reder, M. McClure & A. Jolley (Eds.), Family matters: Interfaces between child and
adult mental health (pp. 88-96). Philadelphia:
Taylor & Francis, Inc.
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552 P67 F36 2000 PCL Stacks
what Counseling therapies have developed for Posttraumatic Stress disorder?
Mellman, T. A. (2002). Rationale and role of medication in
the comprehensive treatment of PTSD. In R. Yehuda (Ed.), Treating trauma survivors with PTSD (pp. 63-72). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.
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552 P67 T766 2002 PCL Stacks
what
is acting out? how is it manifested? how can it be controlled?
Klein, R. H., & Schermer, V. L. (Eds.). (2000). Group psychotherapy for psychological trauma
(pp. 59-60). New York: The Guilford Press.
RC 552 P67 G76 2000 PCL Stacks
where
can i find a literature review of research regarding family and marital therapy
for ptsd sufferers?
Riggs, D. S. (2000). Marital and family therapy. In E. B.
Foa, T. M. Keane & M. J. Friedman (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (pp. 280-300). New York:
Guilford Press.
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552 P67 E43 2000 PCL Stacks
What are the effects of postraumatic Stress disorder on marriage?
Harkness, L., & Zador, N. (2001). Treatment of PTSD in
families and couples. In J. P. Wilson, M. J. Friedman & J. D. Liddy (Eds.),
Treating psychological trauma and PTSD
(pp. 343-344). New York: Guilford
Press.
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552 P67 T764 2001 PCL Stacks
what should families know about pharmocological treatment of Posttraumatic Stress disorder?
Every, G. S. , &
Lating, J. M. (2004). Personality-guided
theory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pp. 173-175). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
RC 552 P67 E837 2004 PCL Stacks
why is the research regarding pharmacotherapy as it relates to ptsd so limited?
Friedman, M. J. (1999). Pharmacotherapy for Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder. In M. J. Horowitz (Ed.), Essential
papers on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (p. 473). New York: New York University Press.
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552 P67 E77 1999 PCL Stacks
posttraumatic
STress Disorder & Families
In Closing
More research is needed regarding PTSD and families. Of
particular importance is spousal and parental role in behavioral treatment and
pharmacotherapy. PTSD sufferers with family support are psychologically and
physically healthier than those lacking such assistance. The tendency of PTSD
sufferers to exhaust familial resources over time is especially problematic.
Properly employed research regarding family aid might help clinicians and
families hone therapies to prevent the patterns of PTSD behavior that deplete
family support.
This pathfinder was created by Monique Delatte and is
available online at https://webspace.utexas.edu/mtd223/m/pathfinder.
[1] American Psychiatric
Association, 2000, p. 467.
[2]
Triggering events cause the sufferer to recall the traumatic experience (i.e., anniversaries of the event, the smell of burning tires for burn
victims).
[5] The PTSD support group is
interrupted to check that all members are able to cope with the current
discussion (p. 58).
[6] Check-in reduces emotional
overload by helping group members to reconnect with their feelings.
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